Ashish Sahu

  Historic Pricing: What It Means and How It Works In the world of business, finance, and economics, pricing is one of the most critical concepts. Whether it's the cost of a product in a store, the value of a company’s stock, or the rate charged for a service, pricing decisions are central to how businesses operate and grow. One specific pricing concept that holds great importance in both finance and marketing is historic pricing . This article explains in simple terms what historic pricing means, how it works, its advantages and limitations, and where it is used. We will also look at some real-world examples to help you understand this topic better. What is Historic Pricing? Historic pricing refers to the use of past prices or historical data to make decisions in the present. Simply put, it is the method of setting, evaluating, or analyzing the price of a product, service, or asset based on what it cost in the past. Businesses, investors, economists, and even consumers use thi...

  Guppy Multiple Moving Average (GMMA): Meaning, Formulas, and How to Calculate In the world of technical analysis, traders often rely on moving averages to understand market trends and make informed decisions. One of the more sophisticated tools developed for this purpose is the Guppy Multiple Moving Average (GMMA) . Invented by Australian trader and financial columnist Daryl Guppy , GMMA is a technical analysis tool that helps identify the strength and direction of a trend, and when a trend might reverse. Unlike traditional moving averages that use a single or a couple of average lines, GMMA uses a series of exponential moving averages (EMAs) to provide deeper insight into the behavior of both short-term and long-term market participants. This article explores the meaning, structure, formulas, and calculation of the GMMA, and how it can be effectively used in trading strategies. Meaning of Guppy Multiple Moving Average (GMMA) The Guppy Multiple Moving Average is a trend-follo...

Understanding the Gross Leverage Ratio: Meaning, Importance, and Example In the world of finance, one of the key things that investors, lenders, and analysts want to understand is how much debt a company has. One useful tool to check this is called the Gross Leverage Ratio . This ratio gives a clear picture of how much a company depends on borrowed money to run its operations or grow its business. In simple terms, it shows the relationship between a company’s debt and either its total assets or earnings . What is Gross Leverage Ratio? The Gross Leverage Ratio is a financial metric that tells us how much total debt a company is carrying in relation to its total assets or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA). It helps measure the financial risk of a business. If the ratio is too high, it might mean the company is heavily dependent on borrowed money and may struggle to pay it back. On the other hand, a lower ratio means the company is managing it...

  Gross Margin: Meaning, Example, Formula, and Easy Calculation Gross margin is one of the most fundamental financial metrics used to assess the profitability and efficiency of a company. It plays a critical role in financial analysis, helping investors, managers, and analysts understand how well a company is performing in terms of its core operations. This article provides a comprehensive explanation of gross margin, its meaning, importance, formula, example, and how to calculate it in simple steps. Meaning of Gross Margin Gross margin is the difference between a company’s revenue and its cost of goods sold (COGS). It reflects how much money is left over from sales after deducting the direct costs of producing the goods or services sold by the company. This remaining amount contributes to covering the operating expenses, interest, taxes, and ultimately results in net profit. In simpler terms, gross margin shows how efficiently a company uses its resources like labor and raw ma...

Hedge Clause: What It Is, How It Works, and Structure A hedge clause is a legal statement commonly used in financial and investment documents. It is meant to protect the person or firm providing financial advice or services from legal responsibility in certain situations. Essentially, it helps limit liability by stating that the advice being given should not be considered a guarantee of specific results, nor should it replace a client’s own judgment or responsibility for making financial decisions. What Is a Hedge Clause? A hedge clause is often found in investment advisory agreements, financial disclosure statements, fund prospectuses, and research reports. Its primary purpose is to inform the client or reader that the information provided is not a promise or assurance of performance. For example, it may state that “past performance is not indicative of future results.” This means that just because a stock or mutual fund did well in the past doesn’t mean it will continue to do so i...

  Capital Budgeting: Concepts, Process, and Financial Relevance Capital budgeting is one of the most critical financial decision-making processes within an organization. It involves evaluating potential major investments or expenditures such as acquiring new machinery, launching new products, expanding operations, or entering new markets. These decisions typically involve large amounts of capital and can have a long-term impact on an organization’s financial performance, risk profile, and strategic direction. Given the significance of these investments, capital budgeting helps firms allocate resources efficiently, enhance shareholder value, and ensure long-term sustainability. This article delves into the core concepts of capital budgeting, outlines the step-by-step process involved, and highlights its financial relevance in the business world. Understanding the Concept of Capital Budgeting Capital budgeting, also known as investment appraisal, is the process by which a company ...

  Calculating Net Present Value (NPV) to Determine Company Value Understanding the value of a company is very important for investors, business owners, and managers. One of the most common methods used to find out how much a company is worth is called Net Present Value , or NPV . NPV is a simple but powerful financial tool that helps people make better decisions when investing money in a company or a project. In this article, we will explain what NPV is, why it is important, how it works, and how you can calculate it. We will also look at some examples and understand how NPV helps in deciding whether to invest in a company or not. What is Net Present Value (NPV)? NPV stands for Net Present Value . It is a method used in finance to calculate the value of a business, project, or investment by looking at the money it will earn in the future. It helps to compare the value of money today with the value of money in the future. The basic idea of NPV is that money today is worth more ...